Bienestar subjetivo y satisfacciones de dominios en estudiantes universitarios colombianos / Subjective well-being and domain satisfactions in Colombian university students

Resumen El concepto de bienestar subjetivo se refiere a la forma global, positiva o negativa, en la que las personas evalúan sus vidas y experiencias. La búsqueda de factores que expliquen el bienestar subjetivo, actualmente uno de los temas de mayor interés en la psicología, condujo al concepto de satisfacciones de dominios, que se entienden como los juicios que las personas hacen al evaluar los mayores dominios de vida. Este estudio correlacional tuvo por objetivo establecer la relación de la satisfacción en los dominios económico, de pareja, familia, amigos, salud, vida universitaria y rendimiento académico, con los componentes cognitivo y emocional del bienestar subjetivo (satisfacción vital y felicidad, respectivamente), identificando cuáles de esos dominios lo predicen. La muestra, no probabilística, estuvo conformada por 344 estudiantes de una universidad pública colombiana (50.9 % mujeres y 49.1 % hombres) con edades entre 18 y 29 años (. = 20.89; DT = 2.52). Los resultados mostraron una fuerte relación de todos los dominios con el bienestar subjetivo. La satisfacción en los dominios económico, de pareja, familia, amigos y vida universitaria explicó la varianza de la satisfacción vital y la felicidad en forma diferenciada. Se concluye que: (a) el bienestar se afecta con la satisfacción de necesidades asociadas a los dominios cercanos e importantes para el individuo; (b) las satisfacciones de dominios impactan más el componente cognitivo del bienestar que el emocional; (c) el dominio económico satisface más necesidades cognitivas, la amistad suple necesidades emocionales, y la pareja, la familia y la vida universitaria satisfacen ambas.

Abstract The concept of subjective well-being refers to the overall positive or negative way in which people evaluate their lives and experiences. It is generally accepted that subjective well-being is made up of a cognitive component usually called satisfaction with life or life satisfaction and an emotional component usually referred to as happiness. The search for factors that explain subjective well-being is currently one of the most interesting topics in psychology and led to the concept of domain satisfactions, which are understood as the judgments that people make when evaluating the major domains of life. It refers to the perceived degree of satisfaction that we obtain from the way in which each of these main domains or areas of our lives are developed. This correlational study with predictive intent aimed at establishing the relationship of satisfaction in the economic, couple, family, friends, health, university life, and academic performance domains, with the cognitive and emotional components of subjective well-being (life satisfaction and happiness, respectively), identifying which of these domains predict well-being. The non-probabilistic sample, for convenience, was made up of 344 women and men (50.9 % and 49.1 % respectively) between 18 and 29 years of age (M = 20.89); SD = 2.52), students from an important Colombian public university based in the city of Palmira. The instruments, which include the Diener's life satisfaction and Lyubomirsky and Lepper's happiness scales, and simple items for each domain satisfaction studied (economic, couple, family, friends, health, university life, and academic performance) were answered in a format printed by 64 % of the participants and in virtual format by 36 %, according to their own choice. The results showed that all domain satisfactions were significantly related to both the cognitive and the emotional components of subjective well-being. The results also showed that except for satisfaction with health and academic performance, all other domain satisfactions predicted at least one of the components of subjective well-being. In general, domain satisfactions explained the variance of satisfaction and happiness much better than sociodemographic variables. Thus, it was confirmed that the psychological significance of events that occur in the main areas of people´s lives have much more relevance to well-being than situational factors such as sociodemographic ones. In a different sense, and order of impact, satisfaction with the economic domain, satisfaction with university life, and satisfaction with the couple emerged as the domains that had the greatest influence on life satisfaction, and satisfaction with friends and satisfaction with university life emerged as the strongest predictors of happiness. The results suggest that well-being is especially affected by the satisfaction of needs associated with the closest domains and more important to the individual. These would include the economic domain and relationships that involve affections, but also other domains that, for specific reasons, occupy a relevant place in the individual's internal hierarchy of importance, which may vary among cultures and even among people of the same culture. The above conclusion could explain, among other findings, the significant impact of satisfaction with university life on subjective well-being. The results also suggest that, in general, domain satisfactions have a greater impact on the cognitive component of well-being than on the emotional component, and that, in particular, domains such as economics fundamentally satisfy cognitive needs, friendship fundamentally satisfy emotional needs, and other domains such as couple, family and university life, satisfy both cognitive and emotional needs. This would demonstrate the importance of applying differentiated instruments to study the cognitive and emotional components of well-being.

A Comparative Study Regarding the Impact of Covid-19 on Latin American College Students

COVID-19 has changed educational opportunities for students around the world, and, in the process, affected their lifestyle, happiness, and engagement. The present research is part of a project from six universities in different countries across Latin America to examine the impact of COVID-19 on university students. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to assess and compare the impact of COVID-19 on lifestyle changes, orientations to happiness, and student engagement among a sample of college students in Mexico, El Salvador, Colombia, the Dominican Republic, Peru, and the US. Methods: Participants were 1764 students from the six previously identified countries. Data were collected using the Student Health Behavior Inventory, the Orientations to Happiness Scale, and the University Student Engagement Inventory. Results: Student respondents were mostly female, with a median age of 22. Most reported no changes in academic performance and statistically significant changes in some lifestyle behaviors such as nutrition and physical activity. Conclusions: The global pandemic led to behavioral changes among college students in Latin America, and it affected their orientations to happiness and engagement. Institutions of higher learning are called to create opportunities for their students to reintegrate into an in-person learning environment to facilitate positive lifestyle changes for their students.

El COVID-19 ha cambiado las oportunidades educativas para los estudiantes de todo el mundo y en el proceso afectó su estilo de vida, felicidad y compromiso. La presente investigación es parte de un proyecto de seis universidades en diferentes países de América Latina para determinar el impacto de COVID-19 en estudiantes universitarios. Objetivos: El propósito de este estudio fue evaluar y comparar el impacto del COVID-19 en los cambios de estilo de vida, las orientaciones hacia la felicidad y el compromiso de los estudiantes entre una muestra de estudiantes universitarios en México, El Salvador, Colombia, República Dominicana, Perú y Estados Unidos. Métodos: Los participantes fueron 1764 estudiantes de los seis países previamente identificados. Los datos se recolectaron utilizando el Inventario de Conducta de Salud del Estudiante, la Escala de Orientaciones a la Felicidad y el Inventario de Participación de los Estudiantes Universitarios. Resultados. Los estudiantes encuestados eran en su mayoría mujeres con una edad promedio de 22 años. La mayoría informó que no hubo cambios en el rendimiento académico y cambios estadísticamente significativos en algunos comportamientos de estilo de vida, como la nutrición y la actividad física. Conclusiones: La pandemia global provocó cambios de comportamiento entre los estudiantes universitarios de América Latina y afectó sus orientaciones hacia la felicidad y su compromiso. Las instituciones de educación superior están llamadas a crear oportunidades para que sus estudiantes se reintegren en un entorno de aprendizaje en persona para facilitar cambios positivos en el estilo de vida de sus estudiantes.

Felicidade no trabalho e interação familiar em enfermeiros: estudo transversal* / Felicidad en el trabajo e interacción familiar en enfermeros: estudio transversal / Happiness at work and family interaction in nurses: cross-sectional study

Objetivo: analisar a associação entre felicidade no trabalho, interação familiar e variáveis sociodemográficas/profissionais em enfermeiros do contexto hospitalar. Métodos: estudo transversal com amostra de conveniência de 363 enfermeiros. Foram aplicados questionário para caracterização sociodemográfica/profissional, Shorted Happiness at Work Scale e Survey Work-Home Interaction Nijmegen. Na análise e tratamento de dados, recorreu-se à estatística descritiva e inferencial. Resultados: observaram-se níveis moderados de felicidade no trabalho (4,44±1,15) e níveis moderados a baixos de interação familiar (1,02±0,31). Estado civil, atividades de lazer, local de trabalho, tempo de experiência profissional, categoria profissional, horário de trabalho e percepção de trabalho estressante associaram-se à felicidade no trabalho. Idade, sexo, filhos, dependentes, atividades de lazer, tempo de experiência profissional, horário de trabalho e percepção de trabalho estressante associaram-se à interação familiar. Conclusão: os enfermeiros apresentaram níveis moderados de felicidade no trabalho e moderados a baixos de interação familiar, associados a variáveis sociodemográficas e profissionais específicas.

Objective: to analyze the association among happiness at work, family interaction and sociodemographic/professional variables in nurses in the hospital context. Methods: cross-sectional study with a convenience sample of 363 nurses. Questionnaires for sociodemographic/professional characterization, Shorted Happiness at Work Scale and Survey Work-Home Interaction Nijmegen were applied. In data analysis and processing, descriptive and inferential statistics were used. Results: moderate levels of happiness at work (4.44±1.15) and moderate to low levels of family interaction (1.02±0.31) were observed. Marital status, leisure activities, place of work, length of professional experience, professional category, working hours and perception of stressful work were associated with happiness at work. Age, gender, children, dependents, leisure activities, length of professional experience, working hours and perception of stressful work were associated with family interaction. Conclusion: nurses showed moderate levels of happiness at work and moderate to low levels of family interaction, associated with specific sociodemographic and professional variables.

Objetivo: analizar la asociación entre felicidad en el trabajo, interacción familiar y variables sociodemográficas/profesionales en enfermeros en el contexto hospitalario. Métodos: estudio transversal con muestra por conveniencia de 363 enfermeros. Se aplicaron un cuestionario de caracterización sociodemográfica/profesional, el Shorted Happiness at Work Scale y el Survey Work-Home Interaction Nijmegen. En el análisis y procesamiento de los datos, se utilizó estadística descriptiva e inferencial. Resultados: se observaron niveles moderados de felicidad en el trabajo (4,44±1,15) y niveles moderados a bajos de interacción familiar (1,02±0,31). El estado civil, las actividades de ocio, el lugar de trabajo, la duración de la experiencia profesional, la categoría profesional, la jornada laboral y la percepción de trabajo estresante se asociaron con la felicidad en el trabajo. La edad, el sexo, los hijos, las personas dependientes, las actividades de ocio, la duración de la experiencia profesional, la jornada laboral y la percepción del trabajo estresante se asociaron con la interacción familiar. Conclusión: los enfermeros mostraron niveles moderados de felicidad en el trabajo y niveles moderados a bajos de interacción familiar, asociados a variables sociodemográficas y profesionales específicas.

Epicurus’ View of Life and Death and Its Contemporary Enlightenment / 中国医学伦理学

Epicurus’ view of life and death is based on the atomism of naturalism and the epistemology of sensationalism in ancient Greek. He advocated that people should face death calmly, and separate death from the pain of feeling by explaining the true meaning of death to break people’s fear of death. He claimed that people should face desires with rational thinking and pursue a happy life. His view of life and death helped people to treat life and death rationally, alleviate death anxiety, make people actively face the difficulties in life, correctly identify desires and needs, and help individuals pursue a healthy and happy life.

Influence of compassion fatigue, psychological stress and positive psychological capital on overall happiness of firefighters / 中国职业医学

Objective: To study the relationship between compassion fatigue and overall happiness among firefighters, and the mediating role of psychological stress and positive psychological capital. Methods: A total of 894 firefighters in Shandong Province were selected as the research subjects using purposive sampling method. Questionnaires including the Professional Quality of Life Scale, the Military Psychological Stress Self-Assessment Scale, the Positive Psychological Capital Scale, and the Overall Happiness Scale were used for data collection. Results: The scores of compassion fatigue, psychological stress, positive psychological capital and overall happiness among firefighters were (40.1±13.5), (13.9±3.9), (133.0±26.4) and (84.9±15.2), respectively. There were correlations between compassion fatigue, psychological stress, positive psychological capital and overall happiness (all P<0.01). Psychological stress partially mediated the relationship between compassion fatigue and overall happiness, and the mediating effect accounted for 27.0% of the total effect. Positive psychological capital moderated the front half path and the direct path between compassion fatigue and overall happiness (all P<0.01). Conclusion: Compassion fatigue can directly or indirectly affect the firefighters' overall happiness. Psychological stress plays a partial mediating role and positive psychological capital plays a moderating role between compassion fatigue and overall happiness.

Comunicación organizacional y felicidad en el trabajo

La felicidad en el trabajo es un concepto determinante en la organización de hoy; entre otras cosas, por estar dirigido a los colaboradores, considerados su activo más importante. Al evidenciar la necesidad que hay de gestionar la felicidad en el trabajo desde la comunicación organizacional, se deciden abordar estas dos categorías a través de una investigación con enfoque cualitativo. El objetivo principal fue analizar el aporte de la comunicación organizacional al logro de la felicidad en el trabajo en Colombia a través del Método Delphi, que permitió la realización de dos rondas de preguntas a siete expertos de diferentes ciudades del país. En el análisis se muestra que hay un gran número de factores que pueden influir en la felicidad de los empleados, pero se logran describir los esenciales y, además, las prácticas de comunicación que aportan al logro de los mismos.

Happiness at work is a determining concept in today's organization, because, among other things, it is aimed at employees, who are considered the most important asset. By showing the need to manage happiness at work through organizational communication, it was decided to address these two categories through a qualitative research approach. The main objective was to analyze the contribution of organizational communication to the achievement of happiness at work in Colombia, through the Delphi Method, which allowed for the realization of two rounds of questions to seven experts from different cities in the country. The analysis shows that there are a large number of factors that can influence the happiness of employees, but it is possible to describe the essential ones, as well as the communication practices that contribute to their achievement.

Community support as predictors of resilience among single women

Background: Single women face many problems in the patriarchal society but receive support from the community. In general, studies on community support showed that belonging to a community and actively participating in communal activities enhanced the quality of life and wellbeing of the individual involved. The present study examines whether the dimensions of community support predict psychological distress, happiness, life satisfaction, and psychological resilience among single women. Method: A sample of 300 single women (divorced, widows, and separated women) in the age group of 25 to 60 years (M = 39.82 years, SD = 7.83) were administered self-report measures of perceived community support, psychological distress, subjective happiness, life satisfaction, and psychological resilience. The dimensions of community support included in the study are community integration, community participation and community organization. Results: Multiple regressions were carried out to analyze the data. Community integration negatively predicted psychological resilience. Community participation positively predicted life satisfaction. Conclusion: These findings highlight the role of community support as resources that promote the positive adaptation of single women to the challenges of everyday life. The implications of the findings for policy, practice, and research are also discussed

Yoga For Build Happiness Among The Higher Secondary School Going Students

Worldwide school-going children are suffering from various physiological, psychological, and financial problems. Many research articles explained that yogic practices develop the physical, mental, spiritual, and emotional aspects of an individual. Yoga refers to a great variety of mental practices that involve a voluntary change in states and content of awareness. It is known to all that yoga has a positive impact on stress, anxiety, depression, and many other psychological problems. yoga's beneficial role is not only limited to psychological problems but also has a great impact on physiological health problems and creates mental happiness. Yogic procedures in a scientific manner help to maintain common body determinations. They affect functions of yoga-like planning, execution of tasks, memory, and learning. According to Patel- N. K. 2019, however, the practice of yoga can lead students to achieve the highest goal in life the self- realization of their inherent potential. The main perception in our article is that yoga may support higher secondary school going children and young people to survive stress and thus, subsidize positively to balance in life, well-being, mental health and happiness. The present research review literature suggests that yoga progresses children's physical, mental well-being and happiness. Likewise, yoga in higher secondary schools helps students improve flexibility, mood, and self-regulation skills affecting emotions and stress

Work orientation and flourishing life in twelve Ibero-American countries / Orientación laboral y vida floreciente en doce países iberoamericanos

Abstract Introduction/Objetive: Work orientation includes the individual's beliefs regarding the role of work in his/her life as a whole and what they are searching for in their careers. There are three types of orientation to work: job, career, and vocation. Work orientation has the distinction of examining how work connects with people's lives and is, therefore, an appropriate construct for evaluating the impact of work on human flourishing. The aims of this study are first to explore work orientation in twelve Ibero-American countries; and second, to investigate whether work orientation affects flourishing in the lives of adults in twelve Ibero-American countries. Method: A total of 3000 adults participated in this study. The University of Pennsylvania Work-Life Questionnaire was used to evaluate the type of relationship that employees reported having with their work, according to the distinctions between job, career, and calling. A 12-item version of the Multidimensional Flourishing Scale was used to measure three aspects of flourishing: social, psychological, and emotional well-being. Results: Most participants reported a high level of calling in their work orientation. In most countries, those with a calling orientation reported higher levels of social and psychological well-being than those with a job orientation. The results indicate a clear relationship between a calling orientation and social and psychological well-being. Conclusion: This research is the first to compare the relationship between work-orientation and flourishing in Ibero-America. The findings help us understand that work-orientation is not a secondary aspect of a person's life but has fundamental implications in the lives of workers.

Resumen Introducción/Objetivo: La orientación laboral incluye las creencias del individuo sobre el papel del trabajo en su vida como un todo y lo que está buscando en su carrera. La orientación laboral examina cómo el trabajo se conecta con la vida de las personas y es un constructo apropiado para evaluar el efecto del trabajo en el florecimiento humano. Se propone explorar la orientación laboral en 12 países iberoamericanos; e investigar si la orientación laboral afecta el florecimiento humano. Método: Tres mil adultos participaron en este estudio. Se utilizó el Work-Life Questionnaire para evaluar el tipo de relación que los empleados informan tener con su trabajo, de acuerdo con las distinciones entre trabajo, carrera y vocación. Se utilizó la Escala de Florecimiento Multidimensional para medir tres aspectos del florecimiento: bienestar social, psicológico y emocional. Resultados: La mayoría de los participantes informaron un alto nivel de orientación laboral como vocación. En la mayoría de los países, aquellos que trabajan por vocación informaron niveles más altos de bienestar social y psicológico que aquellos que trabajan solo por una motivación económica. Conclusiones: Esta investigación es la primera en comparar la relación entre la orientación al trabajo y el florecimiento humano en Iberoamérica. Los hallazgos nos ayudan a comprender que la orientación al trabajo no es un aspecto secundario de la vida de una persona, sino que tiene implicaciones fundamentales en los trabajadores.

Social Networking Usage, Psychological Distress and Happiness among Young Adults during COVID 19 Pandemic

Background: The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak has wreaked havoc throughout the world, impacting millions of people physically and mentally. Interpersonal connections are confined to social networks during the pandemic. However, there has been a dearth of research focusing on social networking usage during COVID-19 in particular. As a result, it is currently unclear whether and how utilizing social networks during epidemic is linked to mental health. The present paper examines the relationship between social networking usage among youngsters and its impact, like the psychological distress and happiness during the COVID-19 epidemic. Furthermore, because young adults are frequent users of social media, it is important to study the effects of social networking usage in this age group. Methodology: An online survey of a sample of 316 young adults was carried out using Social Networking Sites Usage and Needs Scale, Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS -21) and Oxford Happiness Scale. Results: The results show that females were happier than males. Further, the number of social networks used was negatively correlated with happiness. Personal integrative needs were found to be a positive predictor of psychological distress. The implications of the findings are elaborately discussed. Conclusions:

Entre a Dor e a Alegria: Repercussões Subjetivas no Ser Palhaço(a) / Between Pain and Happiness: Subjective Repercussions in the Being Clown / Entre el Dolor y la Alegría: Repercusiones Subjetivas de Ser Payaso(a)

Investigou-se como a dor e a alegria podem influenciar a construção do ser palhaço(a) com o objetivo de compreender melhor a construção da sua subjetividade. Foram realizadas entrevistas com dez palhaços(as). Utilizou-se como método a análise de conteúdo e o software NVivo® para sistematizar as informações presentes nos discursos dos(as) participantes em doze categorias, agrupadas em dois eixos temáticos e analisadas a partir de sua pertinência na construção do entendimento de ser palhaço(a). Os resultados indicaram que a dor diante de perdas afetivas no processo de ser palhaço(a) passa pela transformação do trágico à comicidade, não para minimizá-la, mas para lidar com a finitude humana por meio da ética, poética e estética de afirmação da vida. A transgressão da palhaçaria permite superar dificuldades e transformá-las criativamente em riso. Conclui-se que o ser palhaço(a) torna-se a vitrine das condições humanas apresentadas por meio do cômico, do trágico, do ridículo, do perder, do político, do rústico e do ser-no-mundo.

It was investigated how pain and joy can influence the construction of being a clown in order to better understand the construction of their subjectivity. Interviews were conducted with ten clowns. Content analysis and the NVivo® software were used as a method to systematize the information present in the participants' speeches into twelve categories, grouped into two thematic axes and analyzed based on its pertinence in the construction of the understanding of being a clown. The results indicated that the pain in the face of affective losses in the process of being a clown goes through the transformation from the tragic to the comic, not to minimize it, but to deal with human finitude through ethics, poetics and life-affirming aesthetics. The transgression of clowning allows you to overcome difficulties and creatively transform them into laughter. It is concluded that being a clown becomes the showcase of human conditions presented through the comic, the tragic, the ridiculous, the losing, the political, the rustic and the being-in-the-world.

Se investigó cómo el dolor y la alegría pueden influir en la construcción del payaso, con el objetivo de comprender mejor la construcción de su subjetividad. Se realizaron entrevistas con diez payasos. El análisis de contenido y el software NVivo® se utilizaron como método para sistematizar la información presente en los discursos de los participantes, en doce categorías, agrupadas en dos ejes temáticos, y analizadas desde la pertinencia en la construcción de la comprensión del payaso. Los resultados indicaron que el dolor ante pérdidas afectivas en el proceso de ser payaso sufre una transformación de lo trágico a lo cómico, no para minimizar el dolor, sino para lidiar con la finitud humana a través de la ética, la poética y la estética afirmadora de la vida. La transgresión del clown te permite superar las dificultades y transformarlas creativamente en risa. Se concluye que ser payaso se convierte en el escaparate de las condiciones humanas que se presentan a través de lo cómico, lo trágico, lo ridículo, lo perdedor, lo político, lo rústico y el ser-en-el-mundo.

Wellbeing Profile of France and India IT Employees: A Cross‐Cultural Study

Background: Cultural influence and variances have a great influence in the development of psychosocial well-being. Cross-cultural psychologists explore the difference between Eastern and Western cultures. The present study was designed to analyse the variations in wellbeing profile of IT professionals be-tween India and France. Methodology: Two hundred and fourteen non-probabilistic samples were recruited via various IT com-panies from France (n=92) and India (n=122). The participants completed the wellbeing profile consist-ed of Freiburg Mindfulness Inventory, Subjective Fluctuating Happiness Scale and Subjective Authentic-Durable Happiness Scale (SFHS and SA-DHS) and rating scale for Satisfaction at work, importance of re-ligions/spirituality shared through a digital format, built on the Google Form. Results: Based on independent-samples t-tests, the results indicated that Indian and French IT profes-sionals did not exhibit a difference on levels of Mindfulness, Satisfaction at work, Fluctuating Happiness and Authentic-Durable Happiness. In addition, the findings shown inter correlations between Mindful-ness, Satisfaction at work, Fluctuating Happiness and Authentic-Durable Happiness across the culture. In contrast, the results indicated that Indian IT professionals did exhibit higher levels in importance of Re-ligions and Spirituality when compared to French IT professionals. Conclusion: In a nutshell, the present study came to the conclusion that Indian and French employees share a greater number of wellbeing characteristics in common. Religion and spirituality are also im-portant parts of the Indian culture of well-being.

Sleep Quality, Wellbeing and Happiness in Medical Undergraduates in Western India

Background: Medical students appear to be one group that is especially vulnerable to sleep problems. The study's objective was to evaluate the sleep quality, wellbeing, and happiness of Indian medical students at various stages of their education, as well as students from all three major streams (allopathic, ayurveda, and homoeopathic medicine). Methodology: A convenience sample of 873 medical students was used in this cross-sectional and questionnaire-based study, which included homoeopathic (n=205), allopathic (n=389), and ayurvedic (n=279) medical students. The tools used were the Medical Outcomes Study Sleep Scale, the Short Depression � Happiness Scale, and the Short Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale. Results: Students in the Allopathic stream showed statistically significantly worse sleep quality ratings than students in the Homoeopathic and Ayurvedic streams. Further, when compared to students in the second and fourth years, third-year students had significantly lower sleep quality ratings. The happiness measure had a statistically significant positive relationship with wellbeing (rho = 0.56, p.001), sleep quality (rho = 0.13, p.001), and sleep adequacy (rho = 0.25, p.001). Conclusion: Sleep is essential for maintaining human bio-psychosocial homeostasis. A concerted effort should be made to educate medical students about sleep hygiene and practical techniques to improve their sleep quality.

Efecto mediador del engagement entre la Felicidad Subjetiva y el Conflicto Trabajo -Familia/ Familia- Trabajo en una muestra de profesores chilenos / Mediating effect of the engagement between Happiness and Conflict Work - Family, / Family - Work in a sample of Chilean teachers

Resumen. Este estudio analizó el efecto mediador del engagement en la relación entre la felicidad subjetiva y el conflicto familia trabajo (CFT) trabajo- familia (CTF). La muestra fue de 190 profesores de la ciudad de Los Ángeles, Chile. Se aplicaron tres escalas previamente validadas en el medio nacional referentes a felicidad subjetiva, conflicto trabajo familia, conflicto familia trabajo y engagement, posteriormente se realizaron modelos de regresión lineal y ecuaciones estructurales para probar las diferentes hipótesis. Los principales resultados evidencian que existe un efecto mediador parcial del engagement sobre la relación entre la felicidad subjetiva y el conflicto familia trabajo /conflicto trabajo-familia, evidenciando en los análisis de regresión que el elemento entusiasmo del engagement presenta un rol predictor en las distintas causas del conflicto.

Abstract. This study analyzed the mediating effect of engagement on the relationship between subjetive happiness and family-work conflict (CFT) and work-family (CTF). The sample was 190 teachers from the city of Los Angeles, Chile. Three scales previously validated in the national environment were applied, on subjetive happiness, work-family conflict, family work and engagement, then linear regression models and structural equations were made to test the different hypotheses. The main results show that there is a partial mediating effect of engagement on the relationship between subjetive happiness and the family-work-family conflict, showing in the regression analyses that the enthusiasm element of engagement presents a predictive role in the different causes of the conflict.

Determinants of Happiness in India: Ordered Probit Estimation of Life Satisfaction

Background: Maximising happiness of people is truly the proper measure of social and economic progress and the goal of any public policy. The socioeconomic and demographic factors that affect life satisfaction are so varied that many domains of life events influence happiness. Despite significant income growth and achievements in social indicators, India ranks poorly in the happiness rank. Such a disparity is attributed to the attitude of people towards positional and status concerns and the relative comparison of life evaluation. This paper attempts to identify the determinants of happiness and estimate their effect on life satisfaction among individuals in India. Specifically, this paper examines the relationship between income and life satisfaction in India in an attempt to understand whether money matters for happiness. Methodology: This study uses the sixth wave (2010-2014) of World Values Survey data across 12 Indian states. Since the response variable, life satisfaction or happiness, is measured in the WVS as an ordered category in the Likert scale, empirical estimation is based on the ordered probit method. The covariates considered as determinants of happiness in India are gender, social class, marital status, income, health status, employment status, education, number of children, age, and religion. Results: The estimated ordered probit results show that the probability of reporting happiness increases with education, health and social class whereas age, income, employment, children and gender have no statistical effect on happiness in India. Changes in the marginal effects are reported in the case of primary education, health, employment and middle social class. As income changes from high income to low income, people tend to become unhappier. Conclusion: Income, education, health and social status of people are positively associated with life satisfaction. Poor people and individuals in the middle social category are less happy.

Predictors of happiness during the COVID-19 pandemic in mothers of infants and/or preschoolers: a pre-COVID-19 comparative study in Japan

BACKGROUND@#Happiness may help to prevent negative physiological outcomes in response to life events; however, factors contributing to happiness during the COVID-19 pandemic have not been longitudinally investigated. This study explored the predictors of happiness in mothers of young children in Japan using comparable data that were obtained before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.@*METHODS@#We conducted the baseline survey in February 2020, and 4 months later, we also conducted the follow-up survey. Throughout all 47 prefectures in Japan, 4,700 (100 respondents/prefecture) mothers of infants and/or preschoolers (0-6 years) participated in the baseline online survey; 2,489 of these also participated in the follow-up survey.@*RESULTS@#We performed hierarchical multiple regression analysis and our final model indicated that maternal happiness during COVID-19 pandemic was positively related to employment status (homemaker, β = 0.052, p = 0.014), levels of available social support (average, β = 0.052, p = 0.012, high, β = 0.055, p = 0.010) and happiness score before the pandemic (β = 0.467, p < 0.001), and satisfaction toward the measures against the COVID-19 at partners' workplace (average, β = 0.129, p < 0.001; high, β = 0.279, p < 0.001), preventive behavior against COVID-19 (average, β = 0.055, p = 0.002; high, β = 0.045, p = 0.015) and positive attitudes/thinking (β = 0.087, p < 0.001) during the pandemic. In contrast, poor mental health (K6 ≥5, β = -0.042, p = 0.011) before the pandemic and negative changes during the pandemic (≥3, β = -0.085, p < 0.001) were negatively related to maternal happiness during the pandemic. Our final model explained 44.9% of the variance in mothers' happiness during the COVID-19 pandemic.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Satisfaction toward the measures against the COVID-19 at partners' workplace, preventive behavior, and positive attitudes/thinking were especially important for maternal happiness during the COVID-19 pandemic. Future study is needed to consider measures against infectious diseases in the workplace that are desirable for the well-being of parents with young children, taking into account the gender perspective.

Effect of home visit based on empowerment education on psychotic symptoms， self-management ability and well-being of schizophrenia patients in home rehabilitation / 四川精神卫生

ObjectiveTo explore the effect of home visit based on empowerment education on psychotic symptoms， self-management ability and well-being of schizophrenia patients in home rehabilitation. MethodsA total of 87 cases of schizophrenia patients who met the diagnostic criteria of International Classification of Diseases， tenth edition （ICD-10） and were recovering at home in Caiba town， Yibin city from January to July 2021 were selected by random sampling method as research subjects. They were divided into experimental group （n=43） and control group （n=44） according to the random number table method. The two groups received routine family visits， and the experimental group received family visits based on empowerment education. The intervention cycle of the two groups was 6 months. Before and after the intervention， the severity of psychotic symptoms， self-management ability and well-being of the patients in the two groups were assessed with the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale （BPRS）， the Schizophrenia Self-Management Instrument Scale （SSMIS） and the Index of Well-Being Scale （IWB）. ResultsAfter intervention， the intra group comparison showed that the BPRS score in the experimental group was lower than that before the intervention （t=4.550， P<0.01）， the SSMIS scores in both groups were higher than those before intervention （t=-17.107， -6.367， P<0.01）， and the IWB score in the experimental group was higher than that before intervention （t=-9.239， P<0.01）. The comparison between groups showed that the BPRS score of the experimental group was lower than that of the control group， and the SSMIS and IWB scores were higher than those of the control group （t=-3.899， 10.564， 9.690， P<0.01）. ConclusionThe implementation of family visit based on empowerment education may help to improve the psychotic symptoms of home rehabilitation schizophrenia， and improve their self-management ability and well-being.

Psychometric properties of a Saudi Arabian version of the Positive Mental Health (PMH) scale

The Positive Mental Health (PMH) scale has been shown to be a reliable and valid tool for assessing positive mental health and well-being in different languages and cultures. However, the PMH scale has not yet been translated into Arabic and validated for the Saudi Arabian population. Therefore, the current study aimed to translate the English version of the PMH scale into Arabic for the Saudi Arabian context and validate the translated scale. A total of 1148 adult participants from Saudi public universities took part in the study. Based on exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses in different subsamples, the results of the current study revealed that the unifactorial model satisfactorily fits the data. Additionally, the Arabic version of the PMH scale demonstrated sufficient levels of reliability and had a high negative correlation with the Beck Depression Inventory-II, indicating convergent validity. Taken together, the findings of the current study suggest that the Arabic version of the PMH scale has appropriate levels of validity and reliability for the Saudi Arabian population.

O que é bem-estar subjetivo? análise crítica do artigo subjective well-being de ed diener / ¿qué es el bienestar subjetivo? análisis crítico del artículo subjective well-being, de ed diener / What is subjective well-being? a critical analysis of the article subjective well-being, by ed diener

Resumo: O artigo de Ed Diener "Bem-Estar Subjetivo", fundamental para a consolidação desse objeto na Psicologia Positiva, foi analisado criticamente em sua consistência interna e em sua influência para essa nova área. Cada bloco textual do artigo foi avaliado quanto a sua fragilidade segundo três categorias: consideração teórico-filosófica, definição do conceito e suas partes, referências bibliográficas. Como resultado, destacamos que Bem-Estar Subjetivo (BES) e Felicidade são fragilmente definidos no artigo, dando margem a ambíguas interpretações que se prolongam até o presente; importantes perguntas, como a diferença entre a melhor vida e a vida boa, são ignoradas; importantes referências bibliográficas são utilizadas inconsistentemente. Todavia, reconhece-se que as fragilidades identificadas no artigo são coerentes com o projeto da Psicologia Positiva: enfatizar aquilo que é mensurável ao custo do rigor. Recomenda-se que pesquisas sobre BES resgatem a história dos conceitos centrais a fim de reconhecer seus próprios limites e solucionar problemas éticos do campo.

Resumen: El artículo de Ed Diener "Bienestar Subjetivo", fundamental para la consolidación de este objeto en la Psicología Positiva, fue analizado críticamente en cuanto a su consistencia interna y su influencia en esta nueva área. Cada bloque textual del artículo fue evaluado por su fragilidad según tres categorías: consideración teórico-filosófica, definición del concepto y sus partes, referencias bibliográficas. Como resultado, destacamos que el Bienestar Subjetivo (BES) y la Felicidad están débilmente definidos en el artículo de Diener, dando lugar a interpretaciones ambiguas que continúan hasta el presente; se ignoran cuestiones importantes, como la diferencia entre la mejor vida y la buena vida; las referencias bibliográficas importantes se usan de manera inconsistente. Sin embargo, se reconoce que las debilidades identificadas en el artículo de Diener son consistentes con el proyecto de Psicología Positiva: enfatizar lo medible a costa del rigor. Se recomienda que la investigación sobre BES recupere la historia de los conceptos centrales para reconocer sus propios límites y resolver problemas éticos en el campo.

Abstract: Ed Diener's article "Subjective Well-Being", fundamental for the consolidation of this objetcin Positive Psychology, was critically analyzed in terms of its internal consistency and its influence on research in this new area. Each textual block of the article was evaluated for its fragility according to three categories: theoretical-philosophical consideration, concept's definition and its parts, bibliographic references. As a result, we emphasize that Subjective Well-Being (SWB) and Happiness are weakly defined in Diener's paper, giving rise to ambiguous interpretations; important questions, such as the difference between the best life and the good life, are ignored; important bibliographical references are used inconsistently or not presented during central argumentation. However, we recognize that the weaknesses identified in the article are consistent with the Positive Psychology project: to emphasize what is measurable at the cost of theoretical rigor. It is recommended that research on Subjective Well-Being recover the history of its central concepts in order to recognize their own limits and solve ethical problems in the field.

Anomic Feelings and Happiness: Ordered logit estimation of the effects of freedom and control on subjective well-being

Background: Basic human concerns like money, income, health and family life do not satisfactorily explain fully the variations in subjective well-being. The long-run relationship between average income and subjective well-being is flat, despite the substantial rise in income and living standards. People value functional freedom and choice in social, political and institutional spheres of life than the concerns for money and economic well-being. This paper investigates whether anomic feelings like powerlessness, disillusion, dejection, subdued freedom and lack of trust and confidence could explain subjective well-being and the puzzling relationship between income and life satisfaction. Methodology: This study uses the sixth wave (2010-2014) World Values Survey data across 12 states. Anomic feelings are measured by the freedom of choice, control over own life and confidence in institutions. Since the subjective well-being indicators, life satisfaction and happiness are ordered categorical measures, the ordered logit regression method is used in the empirical estimation. Results: Anomic feelings of freedom of choice, control over own life and confidence in institutions influence life satisfaction significantly and positively. Conclusion: The attitude and confidence in institutions that govern freedom and choice and enable individuals to take own decision are important for a happy and satisfactory life in India.